Affirm that you are an anarchist, and almost invariably you regard as a supporter of chaos. However, it must be said: nothing is further from the truth. And this contradiction is the result of decades of confusion carefully maintained around the idea of anarchism.
a first approximation, say that anarchism ects a political theory at the heart of vibrant which houses the idea of anti-authoritarianism, saying it was reasoned and conscious refusal of all forms of illegitimate authority and power . An old lady who fought in the war with Spain said the simplest way: "I am an anarchist: that I do not receive or give orders. "We can guess: the idea unforgivable ets, this ideal is unacceptable for all powers. It did neither admitted nor forgiven.
p.22:
Anarchism is defined as etymologically [ year -] (Private) [ archos ] (power, command or authority), he literally ets therefore lack of power or authority. This does not mean confusion or disorder, if one simply accepts that there are other possible orders that imposed by an authority: this is expressed as simply as possible, first assertion anarchism. This order in the absence of power, anarchist think it will be born of freedom - freedom that the mother of order, not his daughter, as stated Pierre Joseph Proudhon. In other words, anarchism think the disorder, after all, this may well be that "order less power," according to the beautiful word Léo Ferré.
Anarchists insisitent tirelessly on this aspect of their anti-authoritarian theory. For example, Sebastian Faure said: "Whoever denies the authority and fight ets anarchist" or Proudhon: "More authority, neither the Church nor the state nor in the earth or in the money . "It is easy to multiply quotes ...
p.31:
For some theorists, anarchism is a permanent tendency in the history of humanity, appearing somewhat in human nature. Kropotkin, one of the most important theorists of anarchism, is one of them. In 1910, in a famous article published presentation of anarchism in the Encyclopaedia Britannica , he argues that, throughout history, there is an opposition between an anarchist tendency on the one hand and hierarchical pattern of the other.
p.37:
What Chomsky expresses with anarchism as "trend, present throughout the history of thought and action humans, which prompts us to want to identify the structures coercive, authoritarian and hierarchical of all kinds for review and test their legitimacy when it happens that these structures can not be justified - which is most often the case anarchism leads us to seek eliminate them and thus enlarge the space of freedom. "
p.52:
Emile Armand is the author of the famous sentence:" Marriage ects a long-term prostitution, prostitution, marriage in the short term. "
p.62:
Bakunin recognized religion in one of the highlights of the humanization of the species. But he also believes that the time has come to put an end to what he called "divine slavery," become an obstacle to the humanization, the ultimate source of all authority and foundation of all other forms of slavery. "All human and temporal authority, he writes, proceeds directly from the spiritual or divine. But the authority is the negation of liberty. God, or rather the fiction of God, therefore ets consecration and the intellectual and moral question of slavery all over the earth and human freedom will not be complete until it has completely destroyed the fiction of a heavenly master. "The syllogism considered so scandalous that view which is well led known: "If God is, man is a slave, yet man can and must be free, so there is no God. "
His revolt then attacked the State," the younger brother of the Church "and other" historically necessary evil "but also destined to disappear. Fiercely anti-authoritarian, Bakunin is engaged in a fierce charge against any state, including one that purports to exercise its authority in the interest of the oppressed majority: "We reject any legislation, authority, influence preferred, patented, official and legal, even out of universal suffrage, convinced that she can never turn to benefit only a minority dominant and operates against the interests of the vast majority enslaved. That is why we are anarchists. "
p.64:
Bakunin predicted that the dictatorship of the proletariat dear to the Communists, far from leading to the decline of the state (this claim in his view" the most vile lies and the most formidable ever produced our century ") can only lead to a new and terrible tyranny, a "red tape" whose advent seemed inevitable. History has amply confirmed the accuracy of his prediction. "Take the most radical revolutionary, Bakunin explained yet, and place it on the throne of all the Russias or let him dictatorial power [...] within a year, it will be worse than the Tsar. "
[...] if it recognizes the importance of union action - partly prefigured his thinking anarcho-syndicalism, and he even advocated actions by small groups conspiring against the established order, however, Bakunin puts all his trust in the spontaneity of the masses. This destructive phase liquid old institutions - church, government, judiciary, banks, military, etc.. (Not to mention the transmission of estates, including land) - and allows the establishment of a free and egalitarian society, ensuring the participation of all its members become educated and freed from economic constraints, the common affairs: "Everyone, man or woman, coming to life, find ways almost equal to the development its various faculties and their use in his work "question, he writes," to organize a society, making every individual, whatever the operation of another's labor impossible, let everyone participate in the enjoyment of social wealth they helped to produce by his own. "
p.66:
Bakunin: I am truly free only when all human beings around me, men and women are equally free, so that the more numerous are the free people around me, deeper and wider was their freedom, and wider, deeper and wider was mine. "
p.73:
" Everything is all, Kropotkin wrote, since all they need, puisuqe all worked to the extent of their forces and that it is physically impossible to determine the share that could belong to everyone in the current production of wealth. "The surprising conclusion of these books is:" Suppose a company comprising millioons several people engaged in agriculture and a wide variety of plants. [...] admit that all adults are committed to working 5 hours a day from the age of twenty or twenty-two to forty -five or fifty years, and they s'emploinet in occupations to choose from, and any branch of human work considered necessary. Such a society could in turn ensure the well being of all its members-that is to say otherwise ease real than that enjoyed by the bourgeoisie today. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, remember how Kropotkin, next physical needs, such a company would work to satisfy the artistic needs, moral and intellectual of its members: "So many people, so many desires and society is more civilized, more individuality is developed, the more these desires are varied. "
p.77:
In Italy, Enrico Malatesta (1853-1932) was only 14 when he was arrested for the first time he ets accused of insulting the king, for a letter he sent to denounce an injustice. First disciple of Bakunin, Kropotkin he approaches and advocated direct action and the "propaganda by deed". "Anarchism is born of a moral revolt against social injustice," he writes, and his success is "the realization by those accustomed to obedience and passivity, their power and their real possibility. He proceeded to act in Benevento in 1877, when Malatesta and his companions distribute weapons to the inhabitants and burned the archives of the administration. At from that time, Malatesta was forced into exile and his life will be made for travel, activism, launches of magazines and publishing of manifestos, articles and books. He stressed in particular the need to know the organization of the anarchist groups.
p.104:
Lecoin The letter sent from prison to the military governor of the city of Paris , September 12, 1918, is well known. It says: "I firmly believe that a man can and should refuse to kill in another. War fomented by global capitalism is the worst of crimes. I protest against him by not responding to the mobilization order. By not obeying orders to the soldiers, refusing to let me militarize, I act in accordance with my anarchist ideal. "
p.111:
Kropotkin:" Lenin is not comparable to any other revolutionary figure in history. The revolutionaries had ideals. Lenin has none. It is a madman, a priest, anxious to burn, kill and sacrifice. What we call good and evil have what is called for him meaningless. He is ready to betray Russia for an experiment. "
p.112:
market economies as well as the centrally planned economies had, albeit for very different reasons, interest in baptizing" socialism "and "communism" the bloody experience. We know they would not deprived [...] the real stronghold of anarchism during the inter-war becomes Spain. It was there that he knows his history and experience that will conflict with the forces of fascism, capitalism and Stalinism combined to shoot him.
p.118:
(about the English Revolution) The agrarian collectivization is, of course, but also industrial and, in some areas it soon for all aspects of community life. Sat Dolgoff summarizes what he learned to work on these communities, which were made, he said, "without owners, without bosses and without putting up a competition to stimulate capitalist production. In most industries, factories, mills, workshops, transportation, utilities, workers, their unions and their revolutionary committees reorganized and administrated the prodcution, distribution and administration services without any high-salaried workers and by passing the authority of the state. [...] Their efforts were coordinated by free association in large areas and allowed an increase in production (especially agriculture), increased the number of schools and improved public services .
p.133: Economy
If you want to briefly characterize the anarchist position on the terms of the economy, we can say that from the 19 th century, it was self-managing and refused all his might what he called wage slavery, it was proposed to abolish qu'intolérable because all points of view. In other words, anarchism demanded that producers have control over their business. In this sense that Proudhon, for example, recalls that the willingness of producers and workers to organize by themselves and the production is "the fact revolutionary par excellence." This high requirement is still that of the anarchists who claim therefore, in accordance with all principles and values that are theirs, that individuals have, in the field of economics, the same freedom and they claim the same equality in all other spheres of human activity.
[...] More generally, across the diversity of ways of production and distribution of goods that were considered, there is always the ideal as anarchism Calls, consisting of places of trvail truly democratic and without hierarchy. We would find people working within a production system where everyone has a say as well about what is produced and consumed on the conditions of that production and consumption. It goes without saying that private ownership of means of production and wage-slavery wage-are seen as imperative to abolish calamities.
One can guess how such requirements, which are from the origin of the movement deeply rooted in the heart of anarchism, make sharp contradictions between it today to capitalism and market economy as they s 'yesterday opposed to economies of Central eplanification. In this last case, anarchists detested a fast authoritarianism of these economies and deplored their inefficiency, lack of democracy and freedom, such savings are intended to ensure there appears a class of "coordinators" as oppressive as possible they prophesied in the wake of Bakunin. This prediction has been amply confirmed by history.
p.135:
Michael Albert explains: "The propaganda has managed to convince everyone of the benefits of the market. But I personally think that the market is one of the worst creation of mankind. The market is something that the structure and dynamics guarantee the creation of a long series of ailments, ranging from alienation to antisocial attitudes and behavior through a unfair distribution of wealth. I am an abolitionist markets, even though I know they will not disappear tomorrow, but I'm the same way that I am an abolitionist racism. "
p.141:
After all, demand a pay rise, is not implicitly recognize someone the right to hire and thus perpetuating what was then commonly wage slavery? Also, request a particular reform, does not implicitly recognize to an authority the right to consent? If industrial action does that obtaining better working conditions and better wages, the anarchists refused to enter into this logic. Moreover, trade unionism linked to a political party, even a socialist, they seemed necessarily degenerate into parliamentarism and bourgeois and reformist politics.
p.149: Education
In the wake of the French Revolution, our current national education systems and state will gradually fall into place around the world from 19 th century. This event will be perceived, not without reason, as a project and a victory for the left. And it is true that even today, any attack against them is essentially right.
Yet right from the beginning of this adventure, anarchists, while recognizing the benefits that can be hoped, would show strong criticism. You may have guessed: it is no name in some form or other of elitism or because they would in defense of the old aristocratic order that anarchists emit grave and serious reservations about this development. However, it was inevitable that these anti-authoritarian recognize immediately - and they were left, almost the only ones to do with this relentless insistence, the dangers and threats to freedom that is the very idea a national education project as soon as they receive an appropriation by the state of brains of children. Hope of such education if it forms lobotomized? What to expect if the immolation of freedom on the altar of conformity and creativity that of common thought, fraternity on that narrow and ethnocentric nationalism? What sense, then, if not making people docile, obedient to the teachers and especially the bosses, and will be fully prepared - the First World War in sanglnate administer the decisive evidence to go to the front to die as soon as the order given?
p.151:
For Godwin, the history of the anarchist movement thus the educational achievements of concrete from the establishment of schools and educational institutions to develop educational materials and publication of newspapers and magazines for children. Hive Sébastien Faure, Cempuis Paul Robin, Yasnaya Polyana, Leo Tolstoy, Bertrand Russell of Beacon Hill and Summerhill by Alexander Neill are among the best known of these schools.
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